Christian/Muslim ThreadsMuhammad on trial: Part 1.relaxjack wrote:Seriously, H2O. I am not sure why you still need to reply to a person (Liberate) whose manners are unbecoming of a Christian. Your replies on the defence of Muhammad (pbuh) are appreciable and I learnt a lot from it. Thank you and hope you will carry out the good work.
Thanks for reminding me, inshaaAllah this will be my last on this topic with him. wassalaam
Liberate wrote:And I have shown you with references from the classical arabic that nikah means to pierce... to penetrate... to have sexual intercourse you have shown me what exactly? ...nothing
Here are our references that contradict yours with Classical Arabic and Quranic support that follows :
Linguistically, the term Nikah has always been used in an Islamic society to mean an openly declared contract of marriage between a man and a woman made with their intention to live together as husband and wife for the rest of their lives.
http://www.brain.net.pk/~dsera/consent(1).htm
1. Laws Pertaining to Marriage in Islam.
Marriage in Islam is not considered as a sacrament but rather as a civil contract between a man and his wife. The Qur'an describes it as a mithaq, a "covenant" (Surah 4.21). The Muslim marriage ( nikah) is performed through a ceremony at which a local judge, a qadi, officiates. In many cases only the husband is present at the ceremony with a representative of the bride's family and, in the presence of two relevant witnesses, the parties express their consent to the marriage. The qadi then makes a formal announcement that the marriage contract is concluded.
http://www.domini.org/lam/nikah.html
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE 2
Nikah is an Arabic term used for marriage. It means "contract". ("Aqd in Arabic). The Quran specifically refers to marriage as "mithaqun Ghalithun,". Which means "a strong agreement".
"and they have taken a strong pledge (Mithaqun Ghalithun) from you?" (Quran 4:21)
The seriousness of this covenant becomes very obvious when one finds the same term i.e., Mithaqun Ghalithun, being used for the agreement made between Allah and the Prophet before granting them the responsibility of the Prophethood. (Quran 33:7)
The Quran also uses the Arabic word "Hisn", suggesting "fortress" for marriage. Marriage is considered the fortress of chastity.
The Definition of Marriage (Nikah)
The original meaning of the work nikah is the physical relationship between man and woman. It is also used secondarily to refer to the contract of marriage, which makes that relationship lawful. Which of the two meanings is intended can be determined by the context in which it is used.
As for the definition of marriage in fiqh, the simple definition would go something like this:
"A contract that results in the two parties physically enjoying each other in the manner allowed by the Shari'a."
Since this only focuses on one aspect of the marriage contract, Muhammad Abu Zahrah (a modern scholar) defines it like this:
"A contract that results in the man and woman living with each other and supporting each other within the limits of what has been laid down for them in terms of rights and obligations."
Ibn Uthaimeen takes an even more comprehensive view of the institution of marriage in his definition of it as:
"It is a mutual contract between a man and a woman whose goal is for each to enjoy the other, become a pious family and a sound society."
http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_1 ... iage_i.htm
III. Exegesis and Explanation (الشرح و التفسير)
1. The implication of ‘تَنكِحَ’
In the verse, ‘فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْ بَعْدُ حَتَّى تَنكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ’ the verb ‘تَنكِحَ’ is used. Nikah (marriage contract) is a well-known term of the Qur’an and refers to marriage, which is a contract made by a man and woman who intend to live their lives together as husband and wife. If a divorce is planned at the beginning of a marriage merely to legalize the wife for the first husband then this is against the spirit of the marriage contract. The very words of the verse also go against such an arrangement. The particle of condition ‘ ’ is used for exceptional and contingent situations. While pointing to this usage, Islahi writes:
In Arabic ‘إِنْ’ is not used for routine and usual matters. Usually, it is used for rare and contingent occurrences. For regular matters, ‘اِذَاِ’ is used.vi
Moreover, there is no linguistic basis of construing that in this verse the verb ‘تَنكِحَ’ implies sexual intercoursevii.
http://64.233.179.104/search?q=cache:HA ... ikah&hl=en
1. Nikah is a great bounty from Allah Ta'ala. The affairs of this world and the hereafter are put in order through marriage. There is a lot of wisdom and many benefits in marriage. A person saves himself from sinning and his heart is put at ease. He does not have any evil intentions and his thoughts do not begin to wander and stray. The greatest virtue is that there are only benefits and only rewards in this. This is because a husband and wife’s sitting together and engaging in a loving conversation, joking with each other, etc. is better than nafl salat.
2. A marriage can be executed by just two words, e.g. a person says the following words in the presence of witnesses: "I give my daughter to you in marriage." The person who is addressed replies: "I accept her in marriage." In so doing, the marriage is valid and both of them are lawful husband and wife. However, if the person has several daughters, the nikah will not be executed by his uttering the words mentioned above. He will have to mention the daughter by name, e.g. he says : "I give my daughter, Qudsiyyah, to you in marriage", and the person replies : "I accept her in marriage."
3. A person says: "Give so-and-so daughter of yours to me in marriage." The father replies: "I give her to you in marriage." In so saying, the nikah will be valid irrespective of whether he says that he accepts or not. (In other words, it is not necessary for the word "accept" to be mentioned).
4. If the daughter is present and the father says: "I give this daughter of mine in marriage to you", and the person replies: "I accept her", the nikah will be valid. It will not be necessary to mention her name.
If the girl is not present, it is necessary to mention her name and the name of her father in such a loud tone that all the witnesses are able to hear. If the people do not know the father and there is a strong possibility that by mentioning his name they will still not know whose nikah is being performed, then it will be necessary to mention the name of the grand-father as well. In other words, such identification is necessary whereby those present immediately know whose nikah is being performed.
5. In order for a nikah to be valid, it is also essential for at least two males or one male and two females to be present, to hear the nikah being performed, and to hear the two words (i.e. the offer and the acceptance) being uttered. Only then will the nikah be valid. If two persons sit together in privacy and one says to the other : "I give my daughter to you in marriage" and the other person replies : "I accept your daughter", the nikah will not be valid. Similarly, if the nikah was performed in the presence of one person only, even then the nikah will not be valid.
http://darululoom-deoband.com/english/books/nikah.htm
Nikah: This is a formal, official and legal marriage. The Nikah is performed by the Imam, the official religious authority or any recognized person. It requires the presence of at least two witnesses, the Mahr (marital gift from the groom to his bride), the Khutbah of Nikah to join the couple together in the name of Allah. After Nikah the couple become husband and wife. In case the couple wants to break they have to have proper procedure of divorce (talaq). If the groom divorces he has to pay the half of the Mahr and return any gifts that he received from the bride’s family unless they do not want him to do so. There might be other marriage expenses and matters that they have to resolve with mutual agreement or through legal proceedings. The bride does not have to do any ‘Iddah (post divorce waiting period) if the marriage was not consummated.
http://www.hizmetbooks.org/Belief_and_I ... orewrd.htm
Islamic Wedding Ceremony (Nikah)
In Islam, nikah (marriage) is viewed as a contract between two people and usually their families. This contract is know as an aqd and is reflects the "respectability and dignity of the woman" (Islamic). Both parties must take oaths to remain loyal, and to treat each other with respect (Al-Sheha 71). At the time of the marriage, the man presents the wife with a dowry, usually in the form of money. This dowry is for the woman alone to be used at her discretion, unless she permits her husband or anyone else to use it. It is returned to the woman in the case of a divorce.
While not all Islamic marriages follow the same set of guidelines, there are basic aspects that are recommended, as well as aspects that are haram or forbidden. Traditionally, music is not supposed to be played during the ceremony, and women are supposed to be dressed in proper hijab, or clothing (Islamic).
During the ceremony itself, there are certain words the husband and wife must say to each other. The Shariah states the woman must say: "An Kah'tu nafsaka a'lal mah'ril ma'loom" meaning "I have given away myself in Nikah to you, on the agreed Mahr." The man responds with: "Qabiltun Nikaha" meaning, "I have accepted the Nikah" (Islamic).
Once the ceremony has been completed, the husband and wife may sleep with each other for the first time. It is traditional for the groom to wash his wife's feet and sprinkle the rest of the water around the room as a blessing (Islamic).
http://www-pub.naz.edu:9000/~hon313/mar ... ivorce.htm
Marriage (nikah) is a solemn and sacred social contract between bride and groom. This contract is a strong covenant (mithaqun Ghalithun) as expressed in Quran 4:21). The marriage contract in Islam is not a sacrament. It is revocable.
http://www.tamilislam.com/ENGLISH/OTHERS/al_nikah.htm
Nikkah is the contract between a bride and bridegroom and part of a Islamic marriage. Various traditions may differ in how nikkah is performed because different groups accept different texts as authoritative. Therefore, Sunnis will likely accept Bukhari hadith while Shi'ites will have their own collections thus producing different procedures. This contract requires the consent of both parties and allows both parties to add conditions. Islam does allow divorce so this contract is revocable. Marriage is seen a necessity in Islam and is seen as helpful in avoiding zina, or illegal sexual intercourse1.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikah
The Ceremony of Nikah
The nikah , is a legal contract in the eyes of Allah, with certain requirements and conditions which must be fulfilled.
Marriage is a declaration by the couple, of their uniting in Wedlock, this ceromony should be publicly declared, and the vows of acceptance should be taken in a public place i.e Mosque, or Islamic centre.
The Nikah should be witnessed by at least 2 male witnesses apart from the couple or the presiding Imam, and without these witnesses the Nikah is void.
Another condition of Nikah is the ' Mahr ' or Dowry, this is given by the husband to his wife on marriage,
there is no fixed amount for this.
http://www.thisisislam.com/Marriage1.htm
Nikah comes from the Arabic root " nakaha"
nakaha ~ to tie, make a knot, contract, cement, marry
Nikah ~ Marriage
Abdul Mannan Omar, The Dictionary of the Quran/Calssical Arabic Dictionary
nakaha......he married, took in marriage, or contracted a marriage with, a woman........
Edward Lane, Classical Arabic Lexicon
In the Arabic language the the word can express many things depending on how it is used in context Lane continues:
.....IF and Others say, that it signifies coitus; and coitus without marriage; marriage without coitus: in the time of ignorance, when a man demanded a woman in marriage he said inkiheenee; and when he desired fornication, he said, saafiheenee . safaha It is disputed whether two senses; or proper in one, and tropical in one: It is said to be from nakaha-hud-dawr, or from tawaakahat-il-ashjaar or nakah-al-mataar; and if so, it is tropical in both the above senses, and the opinion that it is so is that the signification of marriage is not understood unless by a word or phrase in connexion with it, as when you say nakaha fee banee fulaan [he took a wife from among the sons of such a one]; nor is that of coitus unless by some means, as when you say nakaha sawjatahu [inivit conjugem suam]; and this one of the signs of tropical expression.
Edwad Lane Classical Arabic Lexicon
Nikah ~ marriage; marriage contract; matrimony, welock
Hans Wehr Arabic Dictionary
Nikah ~ marriage, matrimony, wedlock
Al-Mawrid, Arabic Dictionary
The Quran expresses Nikah having nothing to do with sex ie consummation in meaning :
There is no blame on you if ye divorce women before consummation(massaw) or the fixation of their dower; but bestow on them (a suitable gift), the wealthy according to his means, and the poor according to his means; a gift of a reasonable amount is due from those who wish to do the right thing.
And if ye divorce them before consummation (massaw),but after the fixation of a dower for them, then the half of the dower (is due to them), unless they remit it or (the man's half) is remitted by him in whose hands is the marriage (Nikah) tie; and the remission (of the man's half) is the nearest to righteousness and do not forget liberality between yourselves. For Allah sees well all that ye do. Quran 2:236-237
Abdullah Yusaf Ali commentary on Nikah of the husband with no consummation.
Abdullah Yusaf Ali wrote:"Him in whose hand is the marriage tie" : According to Hanafi doctrine this is the husband himself who can ordinarily by his act dissolve the marriage. It therefore behoves him to be all the more liberal to the woman and pay her the full dower even if the marriage was not consummated
The following are also to Links that show the contradiction of Aisha age report according to historical timeline and countless hadeeths. The first Link covers all what we have went over on this thread which was originally an Article of the Minaret [ An Islamic Publication Magazine] the other links are also support to one another of the unrealiability of the hadeeth report on Aisha'a age of her Nikah.
http://www.ilaam.net/Articles/Ayesha.html
http://www.toluislam.com/pub_online/tahira/section3.htm
http://www.understanding-islam.com/ri/mi-005.htm
http://www.geocities.com/WestHollywood/ ... ayesha.htm
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