ArchivedCalling all Catholics!Aieno Wrote:
Ok, I will be blunt. I obviously do not have time to list all 33,000 + Protestant denominations. But I will list a few with their doctrine/creed. Lutherans: Founded by Martin Luther, in Wittenberg, Germany, 1517; the key figure in the Reformation. The "Bible" was the ultimate authority for all matters of religious belief and practice. Every Christian is a priest, he should read the Bible, and interpret it in his own way (free interpretation). Salvation is by grace, by faith alone in Jesus Christ; faith that involves not merely intellectual assent but an act of confidence by the will. He retained the sacraments of baptism, penance and Holy Communion. He held that in the Holy Communion the consecrated bread and wine are the Body and Blood of Christ ("consubstantiation", instead of the Catholic "transubstantiation"). He rejected purgatory, indulgences, invocation of the Saints, and prayers for the dead. Anabaptists: Anabaptists are called the "left wing of Reformation", and they developed in Zurich, the German-speaking Switzerland, where "Zwingli" was working as the second great Reformer. Ulrich Zwingli, added to Luther that the Eucharist was only a memorial, a symbol, and the physical presence of Christ was a myth, and proposed that the government of the church should be placed in the hands of the congregation rather than under the control of the clergy. Anabaptists, are many groups who adopted many of the beliefs of Zwingli, but later would fight him, and adopt many of the Calvin's theories. In 1920, they started saying that the Reforms of Luther didn't go far enough, keeping the baptism of children and the other sacraments... so, the first thing was to "re-baptize" all the children by immersion at older age, and to leave the Eucharist only as a "symbol". Anabaptists are of the "congregational" type, where each local church is autonomous there is no Pope!, but now each congregation has its own self-named "little Pope". Another group, with Menno Simons, founded the "Mennonites" (after Menno) in Holland, who later went to Pennsylvania in 1653... the Hutterine Brethren", also went to Pennsylvania... A fourth group, the "Amish", led by the stern disciplinarian, Amman, went to Ohio, Illinois... The "American Baptists", are also heirs of the Anabaptist tradition, with congregational type of churches. Calvinisits: John Calvin, was the third great leader of the Reformation. A Frenchman established in the French-speaking Switzerland... he rejected the Pope, but he became more than a Pope: The virtual religious and political dictator of Geneva, the capital of the non-Lutheran Reformation in Europe. In 1536 he established a theocratic government in Geneva in which the affairs of the city were controlled by Calvin's new church. Geneva became a model of Puritan sobriety in which the lives of all citizens were closely policed and all offenses punished severely... all people were expected to live the life of a monastic, with no alcohol, no dancing or singing etc... Calvin's intolerance for Catholics, Jews, or Muslims, was proverbial... Servetus, the doctor who discovered the pulmonary circulation of the blood, was executed for the heresy of believing in infant baptism, and disagreements on the Trinity... Where is the "free interpretation of the Bible"?. He agreed with Luther on the issues of the Bible, and justification by faith alone. His "Eucharistic theory" states that the body and blood of Christ are received in Communion, but in a spiritual manner. Calvin opened the way for more radical forms of Protestantism which exist today as worldwide churches: Dutch Reformed Churches The Huguenots in France Presbyterians of Scotland Congregational Separatists Puritans of England etc.... Church Of England: The Anglican Church regards itself derived not from Reformation influences but from the renunciation of Papal jurisdiction by King Henry VIII in 1534: With the "Act of Supremacy", the King was declared the supreme head of the English Church, with fullness of authority and jurisdiction. In 1563, Queen Elizabeth was declared the head of the Church, its "Supreme Governor". Again, they rejected the authority of the real successor of Peter, of the Pope, but they became "little Popes", not the successors of Peter, but with more authority, religious and political. Its basic tenets of beliefs, are stated in the "Book of Common Prayer": They recognize 3 sacraments: Baptism, Eucharist, and Penance. Salvation is found in having faith in God's grace and doing good works. Accept the belief in the Virgin Mary, the Holy Trinity, and the Resurrection. After Anglicanism a variety of communions developed in England in the Reformation and post-Reformation periods. Some of them following the lines of the Anglicans, others against them... among them: Unitarianism Universalism Modernism Puritans Congregationalism Separatists, Independents, Dissenters. Episcopalians Baptists Quakers Shakers Methodists Presbyterians: John Knox, founded the Scotch Presbyterian Church, 1560, in Scotland. They have infant baptism; the Lord's Supper is celebrated at intervals. The services are simple and dignified, and the sermon is central. Puritans: In 1560, lead by T. Cartwright, the "Puritans", thought the Anglicans were too Catholic, and the Church should be "purified" of the old leaven of Catholicism, and reformed along Calvinist lines in severe simplicity. These are some of the "purifications" they wanted: Reform the government of the Church of England, its worship, and teachings. Stop the clerical dress, the kneeling at the Mass, the sign of the cross... the ministers should be chosen by the people, and the office of the bishop abolished. Congragationalists: In 1582, lead by R. Brown, some Puritans saw that to reform the Episcopalian Church of England from within was hopeless... therefore, they separated from the Church, and they were called Separatists, because they believe that each congregation should be independent, autonomous, a complete church in itself, and also that no church should have anything to say about any other church. Episcopalians: Founded by S. Seabury in 1620, is part of the Anglican Communion, regards the Archbishop of Canterbury as the "First among Equals", though not under his authority, and use the same "Book of Common Prayer", adopted at a General Convention held in 1789, when it became independent of the jurisdiction of England. Baptists: Founded by John Smith in 1605 in England. In America, Roger Williams founded the first Baptist church in Providence in 1639. They are called "Baptists" because of their doctrine concerning "Baptism": Called an "ordinance", they reject "infant baptism", consider only baptism by immersion as valid, to persons who can decide to receive it, and can feel the personal experience of being "born again". Quakers: Founded in England, 1654, by a shoemaker, George Fox. Their organization is not called a church but the "Society of Friends". For them the Bible remains a closed book unless the mind is illuminated by the Holy Spirit. Fox called this illumination the "Inner Light"... so, their first name was "Children of Truth", and later, "Children of Light". In their "meetings", there is no pulpit nor songs, they just sit down and wait in silence for the Spirit to move them. If no one is moved by the Spirit, they leave without a word having been spoken. But if the Spirit moves one of the Friends, he or she gets up and gives his massage. Between massages, a painful silence may elapse... this "divine guidance" applies to all their life. Shakers: It is another radical group that started in England in 1741, by a lady, Ann Lee, who came to believe that she was the Christ reincarnated as a woman! They are called "Shakers", because in their meeting they had emotional movements of the body, sometimes so strong as to cause convulsive rolling on the floor. Lee preached an apocalyptic message that Christ would soon come to earth and establish his thousand-year reign. They live isolated from the world in "communes", with very strict abstinence life. Methodists: Founded in England, 1744, by John and Charles Wesley. The Wesleys formed a prayer group, the "Holy Club", nicknamed "Methodists". The "Pentecostals" are their "children". distinctive features: "mystical experience", is the best way to know God: The "witness of the Spirit" to the individual, with personal assurance of salvation, the "heartwarming experience". This "born-again" experience is the first of the four ways to know God; the other 3 are: Scripture, reason, and tradition. John Wesley was the "head of his Church" in England, and in the colonies he appointed subordinate agents called superintendents, later designated as bishops. The system was modeled upon the Episcopal or bishopric form of the Church of England. As a Protestant, Wesley rejected the authority of the Pope, the successor of Peter... but he proclaimed himself the "actual Pope of his Church", a "little Pope". Christian Churches and Churches of Christ: They originated in 1800 and merged in 1832 from two movements against rigid denominationalism led by Presbyterians Thomas and Alexander Campbell in Pennsylvania and Barton W. Stone in Kentucky. The leaders did not seek to form "a denomination", but to reestablish "a single nondenominational Christian church"; but in time they became a denomination themselves. Reformed: The Reformed churches trace their descent to the third great reformer J. Calvin (1509-64). The "Presbyterian Church" (USA): It is the result of several merges between smaller Presbyterian churches that had been separated by regional and doctrinal differences. Seventh-Day Adventist: They are exemplary in generous giving, abstain from alcohol and tobacco, and, like the Jews, eat only "Kosher food": They abstain from flesh food, especially pork, with a vegetarian diet. They are called the "Seventh-Day Adventists" because the "Seventh-Day", the "Sabbath", is their "Day of the Lord", as for the Jews, instead of Sunday like the other 2,000 million Christians. They take this very seriously: They claim that all the other 2,000 million Christians are of the "Antichrist", because "Saturday" is the "mark of Christ", and "Sunday" the "mark of Satan"... so, those "of Christ" would be the Adventists, their children are the Jehovah's Witnesses. Salvation Army: Founded in England in 1865 by William Booth. The church is organized in quasi-military style. Evangelicalism: dating from 1735 in England (the Evangelical revival) and after 1740 in the United States (thee Great Awakening), has had and continues to have widespread influence in Protestant churches. The Bible is their rule of faith and religious practice. Being "born again" in a life-changing experience through faith in Christ is the promise of salvation. With great missionary work. Fundamentalism: They are distinguished from the Evangelicals mainly by militant Biblicism, believe in the absolute inerrancy of the Bible and emphasis on the Second Coming of Christ. It developed early in the 20th century. Holiness Churches: The Perfectionist wing of Evangelicalism, with 30 bodies in the US, evolved from the Methodists in the late 1800s to preserve personal-piety and inner-religion concepts of John Wesley. Pentecostals: The first Pentecostal Church, was founded in 1900 by Charles Fox Parham, at Bethel Bible College, in Topeka, Kansas, USA, after some students of the Methodist "Holiness Churches" received "glossolalia", the "speaking in tongues", in the Baptism of the Spirit. The Pentecostal congregation, tend to be small, meetings may be in storefronts or in rented upper floors... but their prayer meetings are explosive, praising the Lord with lusty gospel tunes, swaying the arms and body, among exiting revival preaching... and speaking in tongues, with miracles and healing, and prophecies... all the charismas of the Holy Spirit in action!. Protestant "Christians" without Christ: For them, Jesus Christ is not God: Mormons, USA, 1829. Jehovah's Witnesses, USA, 1852. Christian Science, USA, 1879. Moonies, Korea and USA, 1936. Scientology, USA, 1954. Children of God, USA, 1969. Unitarian- Universalist, England, 1774, Transcendentalism (Kant), USA, 1800. Unity School of Christianity, USA, 1889. Worldwide Church of God (Armstrong). Spiritualism, USA The Way International, USA, 1957. Church Universal and Triumphant, 1958. The Holy Order of MANS, USA. etc.... More denominations: Church of the Living Word, USA. Crossroads Church, England, USA. United Christian... Rev. Ike, USA Penitents, USA. Snake Handlers, 1909, USA. Homosexual Churches, 1868, USA. Branch Davidians. "Waco", USA. People's Temple. "Guayana", USA The Jamalians, USA, 1975. Do I really need to go on? I will be here until the next year or two! Aieno Wrote: Nobody said you was. Enough said, come home, come to Rome. Peace |
🌈Pride🌈 goeth before Destruction
When 🌈Pride🌈 cometh, then cometh Shame