Wow! No more responses?
In that case I'll consider the variation of c nothing more then unproved speculation and move on to the next issue.
Evolution running out of time...
I think we all know tuppence example of evolution running out of time. There is only time for a relatively small amount of generations of let's say humans. Humans have a generation time of, what is it, 30 years or something? Perhaps higher nowadays but lower in the past so I think 30 will do. If the world is about 6 millions year old, there would have been time for 200.000 generations. According to tuppence it would take 2000 years for one positive mutation to occur. There would be only 100 positive mutations possible in the given time, not enough for evolution to be an answer on the where do we come from question.
However, tuppence forgets something.
In her example we would have to start with 1 human who would only get 1 child who in turn would only get 1 child etc etc.
This is not reality. First of all, we don't start with only 1 human, but a bunch more.
Second, humans usually get more then 1 kid. Especially in the past when there was no birth control. Lets take 4 kids as an average. Each of those 4 kids could get the positive mutation, reducing the time needed till 500 years. These 4 kids can get 4 kids of their own. That is 4^2 kids, all being able to get a positive mutation.
Tuppence takes the 200.000 generations as the number of possible kids that can get the mutation. While in fact that number is closer to 4^200.000... which is a number with quite a bunch of zeroes...
This would take away this time problem as well. Unless I am mistaken somewhere or if I misunderstood tuppence's example. In that case please correct me.