Science, Creation & Evolutionhumans run to scavange???I am not claiming to be an expert in microbiology (because I'm definitely not), so I'll respond with some quotes by people that know more about it than me:
It would seem that new genetic material has been observed to evolve. I fail to see why the author has so much trouble accepting the formation of new information. ---------- * Covered in the reply above. ** Whether or not we're seeing loss of information, duplication (with mutation) has resulted in beneficial mutation: Bear in mind that both adding and subtracting of information is part of evolution. For example: Humans normaly have 2 nipples. There are however atavisms: Now and then people are born with 1 or more extra nipples, which are caused by ancestoral genes that were activated (by mutation). Our early mammalian ancestors must have had several sets of nipples (like we still see in cats, dogs, pigs, etc). The loss of information for growing more nipples produced a line of primates with only two nipples/breasts. We don't see ourselves as degraded beings because we only have 2 nipples, now don't we? The loss of extra nipples (and breasts) was probably a beneficial loss of information. Imagine being born with six breasts! (We hardly ever get more than 2 babies at a time, so 2 breasts is in an evolutionary way probably most effective) ---------- What if malaria would kill within weeks? The people with sickle-cell anemia would have been the only survivors. In such a scenario the mutation would not only be beneficial, it would be vital! The beneficial, neutral or harmful properties of mutations depent on the environment. I agree that this particular mutation might not be the perfect example of evolution at work, because it seems neutral: either you don't have it and risk malaria, or you have it and suffer from sickle cell anemia (but not malaria).
Are you sure you can reduce all the info to "faith"? It would seem that there are so many examples of evolution, that it is getting increasingly difficult to ignore it, let alone deny it ever happend! And to quote the bible: "He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone [...]" [John 8:7] Creationist are BASING most of their 'theories' on faith. The main reason creationists challenge evolution is not because the evidence doesn't support it, but because evolution doesn't support the bible. You point your finger at evolution and yell "you are basing your theories on faith!", but the only one doing that are the creationists... I am somewhat surprised that you do not see that. - Alves, M. J., M. M. Coelho and M. J. Collares-Pereira, 2001. Evolution in action through hybridisation and polyploidy in an Iberian freshwater fish: a genetic review. Genetica 111(1-3): 375-385. - Brown, C. J., K. M. Todd and R. F. Rosenzweig, 1998. Multiple duplications of yeast hexose transport genes in response to selection in a glucose-limited environment. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15(8): 931-942. http://mbe.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/15/8/931.pdf - Elena, S. F., V. S. Cooper and R. E. Lenski, 1996. Punctuated evolution caused by selection of rare beneficial mutations. Science 272: 1802-1804. Hughes, A. L. and R. Friedman, 2003. Parallel evolution by gene duplication in the genomes of two unicellular fungi. Genome Research 13(5): 794-799. - Knox, J. R., P. C. Moews and J.-M. Frere, 1996. Molecular evolution of bacterial beta-lactam resistance. Chemistry and Biology 3: 937-947. - Lenski, R. E., 1995. Evolution in experimental populations of bacteria. In: Population Genetics of Bacteria, Society for General Microbiology, Symposium 52, S. Baumberg et al., eds., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 193-215. - Lynch, M. and J. S. Conery, 2000. The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes. Science 290: 1151-1155. See also Pennisi, E., 2000. Twinned genes live life in the fast lane. Science 290: 1065-1066. - Ohta, T., 2003. Evolution by gene duplication revisited: differentiation of regulatory elements versus proteins. Genetica 118(2-3): 209-216. - Park, I.-S., C.-H. Lin and C. T. Walsh, 1996. Gain of D-alanyl-D-lactate or D-lactyl-D-alanine synthetase activities in three active-site mutants of the Escherichia coli D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase B. Biochemistry 35: 10464-10471. - Prijambada, I. D., S. Negoro, T. Yomo and I. Urabe, 1995. Emergence of nylon oligomer degradation enzymes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO through experimental evolution. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61(5): 2020-2022. - Zhang, J., Y.-P. Zhang and H. F. Rosenberg, 2002. Adaptive evolution of a duplicated pancreatic ribonuclease gene in a leaf-eating monkey. Nature Genetics 30: 411-415. See also: Univ. of Michigan, 2002, How gene duplication helps in adapting to changing environments. http://www.umich.edu/~newsinfo/Releases/2002/Feb02/r022802b.html |
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