Summary
A quick overview of the information presented here indicates a number of things. First, we have the prophecy spoken of by Moses, to the Israelites. That the prophets had to come from among the Israelites, just as Moses came from within the Israelites. We find evidence of this in the fact that all the prophets that followed Moses, were Israelites; in particular, we can direct our attention to Joshua, who was chosen by God as Moses' replacement, to the Israelites.
Second, we have the fact that the Ishmaelites could not be considered brethren of the Israelites, at least not in the manner that the Muslim argument would like us to think. The only group of people, or nation, of which the Israelites speak in such manner as "brother" is Edom, which is descended from Israel's brother, Esau. If anyone, these would be the closest to be considered brethren. Nevertheless, the use of the term brethren is clearly referring to the Israelites.
Third, the comparison of the descendance, life experiences, and ministerial signs of each personage shows a big difference between Mohammed and the other two. Especially, the fact that Mohammed was not an Israelite, never was sent to the Israelites, their life experiences were very different, and their ministerial calling was established by different sources -- Jesus and Moses was by God, while Mohammed claims that it was Gabriel who came in a dream.
The information we have just reviewed presents us with the undisputable truth, that Mohammed could not be "the Prophet" of whom Moses spoke in the book of Deuteronomy. The fact that the Scriptures speak of the line of prophets being 'from within the Israelites', as Moses was, gives us a most powerful objection to the claim from Islam. And, the outstanding evidence for Jesus Christ only further establishes the fact.
Blessings!