Believer,
There was no Arabic bible at the time of Muhammad.
Jews were mostly likely not to tell Muhammad any thing cuz they hated him.
Muhammad has only been to the SHAM(palestine and Syria) once when he was an adult.
Muhammad met the Christian Waraqah only twice in his life time (the night he received his first revealation and another time afterwards)
The Jews in Madinah used to test Muhammad all the time and he used to answer them right away (if he had sources he would have to go back and check with them to answer correctly)
Muhammad could not read or write
Most of Muhammad followers were Pagan before they turned to Islam.
The Quran did not borrow it is simply the same source.